Laboratory Medicine Committee of Chinese Association of Integrated MedicineClinical Immunodiagnosis Professional Committee of Zhejiang Immunology SocietyTherapeutic Drug Monitoring Research Professional Committee of Zhejiang Pharmacological Society
实时荧光PCR法可用于他汀类药物相关基因多态性检测项目,其主要优势包括灵敏度高,分型准确,操作简便快捷,所用仪器容易普及,易于推广使用,目前国家药品监督管理局(National Medical Products Administration,NMPA)已批准多款第三类注册检测试剂。PCR-芯片杂交法用于他汀类药物相关基因多态性检测项目的主要优点在于可同时对多个待测SNP位点进行检测,但PCR产物在开放环境中杂交易出现气溶胶污染,操作复杂且操作时间较长,对技术人员要求较高。PCR-直接测序法(Sanger测序)可用于他汀类药物相关基因多态性检测项目,其优势在于可以测较长序列,可同时检测目标位点上下游的基因序列,芯片杂交和测序法对试剂和仪器有特殊要求,不易普及,操作及判读复杂,设备成本相对较高。目前尚无PCR-直接测序法的他汀类药物相关基因检测产品通过NMPA三类医疗器械注册。随着分子诊断技术的发展,高通量、多重、低成本、自动化的技术平台逐渐兴起,给他汀类药物相关基因多态性检测的实验方法带来了新的可能。核酸质谱、液相芯片、高分辨率熔解曲线、微流控芯片等技术都是未来可能用于他汀类药物相关基因多态性检测的潜在平台。但目前这些新兴技术平台同样也面临着初期投入成本高、技术门槛高、设备精度要求高、通量不足等挑战。不同他汀类药物相关基因多态性检测方法学优缺点见表8。
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