Inflammatory Bowel Disease Group, Chinese Society of Gastroenterology Chinese Medical Association;Inflammatory Bowel Disease Quality Control Center of China
陈旻湖,中山大学附属第一医院消化内科,广州 510080,Email:chenminhu@mail.sysu.edu.cn;吴开春,空军军医大学西京医院消化病医院,西安710032,Email:kaicwu@fmmu.edu.cn Chen Minhu, Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China, Email: chenminhu@mail.sysu.edu.cn;Wu Kaichun, Hospital of Digestive Disease, Air Force Medical University, Xi′an 710032, China, Email: kaicwu@fmmu.edu.cn
指南工作组成员来自中华医学会消化病学分会炎症性肠病学组、中国炎症性肠病诊疗质量控制评估中心(IBDQCC)及宁波诺丁汉GRADE中心,由4个小组构成,分别为临床专家组、方法学组、证据整合和评价组以及秘书组。本指南已在国际注册平台(Guideline International Network,GIN)注册[8]。
3.利益冲突声明与资金资助:
指南专家组成员要求所有专家均填写利益冲突表,声明利益冲突。所有专家均声明不存在利益冲突。
4.推荐意见的确定:
本指南推荐意见由临床专家组结合CD诊治的临床需求,通过共识会议法筛选和确定。
5.证据质量评价:
指南工作组在PubMed、Embase、Cochrane Library、中国知网数据库实施了证据检索。采用《牛津循证医学中心证据分级2011版》[Oxford Center for Evidence-Based Medicine(OCEBM)2011 Levels of Evidence]对纳入的研究进行证据质量评价和分级(表1)[9]。针对每一条推荐意见,选择关键证据进行证据评级,并将关键证据的参考文献用"*"在文中进行标注。本指南默认1级证据为高质量证据,2级和3级证据为中等质量证据,4级和5级证据为低质量证据。
推荐意见形成时参考推荐分级的评估、制定与评价(grading of recommendations assessment,development and evaluation,GRADE)分级系统对推荐意见进行分级。GRADE提倡考虑医学干预的利弊平衡、证据质量、价值观念与偏好、成本与资源耗费等因素的同时将推荐意见与证据质量相关联,对推荐强度进行分级[10,11]。医学干预的利弊差别越大、证据质量越高、价值观念与偏好越清晰越趋同、成本与资源耗费越小,则考虑强推荐;反之,则考虑弱推荐。特殊情况下低质量证据也可能形成强推荐(表2),本指南在制作和报道过程中参考该原则来处理低质量证据和强推荐的关系。本指南参考了上述GRADE对推荐意见分级的指导原则,结合证据质量将推荐强度归为强(A级推荐)和弱(B级推荐)两个等级(表2)。此外,针对专家组认为重要但不宜用证据级别和推荐强度表达的内容,则采用最佳临床实践(best practice statement,BPS)来表达,不另予分级。专家组通过对研究证据公开讨论后,按照以上推荐意见形成原则,以投票形式达成对推荐意见的共识。本指南中的推荐意见或BPS须在专家组投票中达到75%及以上的共识率才可通过。当专家组意见不一致时,采用德尔菲法对推荐意见进行相应的修改和第二轮投票,直至达成共识。
结肠镜可用于监测治疗后黏膜愈合,但目前仍缺乏严格公认的标准,多数将黏膜愈合定义为溃疡消失。克罗恩病内镜下严重程度指数(Crohn′s disease endoscopic index of severity,CDEIS)、SES-CD均可用于量化CD结肠镜下黏膜溃疡及炎症的严重程度,其对于腔内炎症活动评估价值已得到验证并具可重复性[24]。CDEIS评分较为复杂,临床实际可操作性较差;SES-CD是由CDEIS简化而来,评估了包括回肠末段在内5个肠段的溃疡大小、溃疡面积、非溃疡面积以及狭窄情况。近期一项研究发现加权后的SES-CD评分可预测治疗1年后内镜愈合[25]*,但目前将SES-CD及相关评分工具作为黏膜愈合评价指标仍需更多高质量研究。对于术后患者,则建议使用Rutgeerts评分评估新末段回肠疾病复发,目前认为i2、i3、i4提示疾病复发,近年也有研究进一步将i2区分为i2a、i2b,发现评分为i2a者疾病进展风险小,但i2b与疾病进展相关[26]*。
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