Professional Committee of Pancreatic Diseases, Chinese Medical Doctor AssociationNational Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases (Shanghai)
李兆申,海军军医大学第一附属医院消化内科,上海 200433,Email:zhsl@vip.163.com;郑建明,海军军医大学第一附属医院病理科,上海 200433,Email: jmzheng1962@163.com;金钢,海军军医大学第一附属医院肝胆胰脾外科,上海 200433,Email: jingang@smmu.edu.cn;邵成伟,海军军医大学第一附属医院放射诊断科,上海 200433,Email: cwshao@sina.com;李汛,兰州大学第一医院普外科,兰州 730000,Email:lxdr21@126.com Li Zhaoshen, Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China, Email: zhsl@vip.163.com;Zheng Jianming, Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China, Email: jmzheng1962@163.com;Jin Gang, Department of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China, Email: jingang@smmu.edu.cn;Shao Chengwei, Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China, Email: cwshao@sina.com;Li Xun, Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China, Email: lxdr21@126.com
为规范我国胰腺癌病理诊断,由中国医师协会胰腺病专业委员会、国家消化病临床医学研究中心(上海)和《中华胰腺病杂志》牵头,组织病理学、外科学、内科学、影像医学、循证医学等领域专家,遵循《世界卫生组织指南制定手册》[13]、美国医学科学院提出的临床实践指南的定义[14]、中华医学会发布的《中国制订/修订临床诊疗指南的指导原则(2022版)》[15]以及世界卫生组织颁布的《国际疾病分类(第11版)》[16],参考指南研究与评价工具(appraisal of guidelines for research and evaluation, AGREE Ⅱ)[17]和国际实践指南报告标准(reporting items for practice guidelines in healthcare, RIGHT)[18],依据已发表的文献,广泛征询专家意见,采用改良Delphi法,通过多轮投票与集体讨论的方式,针对胰腺癌病理取材及诊断报告中的关键问题,共形成11条推荐意见。由海军军医大学第一附属医院病理科成立指南起草小组对指南进行起草和修订,最终制定了《中国胰腺癌病理取材及诊断报告规范循证学指南》。本指南已在国际实践指南注册平台(http://www.guidelinesregistry.cn/)注册(PREPARE-2023CN491)。本指南基于推荐意见分级的评估、制定及评价(grading of recommendation assessment, development and evaluation, GRADE)方法[19],将证据质量分为4级,依次为高(A)、中(B)、低(C)、非常低(D)。推荐意见分为强、弱2个级别。
推荐意见3:胰腺癌组织学类型推荐使用世界卫生组织(World Health Organization, WHO)第5版胰腺肿瘤分类,胰腺导管腺癌组织学分化程度推荐使用美国病理学家协会(College of American Pathologists,CAP)评估标准。当胰腺导管腺癌合并前驱病变时,需明确导管腺癌是否由前驱病变进展而来,并明确组织学亚型及分化。
无论胰腺癌患者是否接受新辅助治疗,淋巴管、血管侵犯均是不良预后的评价指标[75,76,77]。根据美国癌症联合会(American Joint Committee on Cancer,AJCC)/国际抗癌联盟(The Union for international Cancer Control,UICC) TNM分期第8版及美国国立综合癌症网络(The National Comprehensive Cancer Network,NCCN)指南,这些病理学特征均应被单独记录。
阳性淋巴结的检出数量已被证明与患者生存期相关,而淋巴结取样不充分可导致N分期不足[135,136,137,138,139]。国际癌症报告合作组织(International Collaboration on Cancer Reporting,ICCR)、CAP及AJCC/UICC第8版提出Whipple手术标本淋巴结检出量至少应达到12枚。基于多项研究数据,英国皇家病理学家学会认为Whipple手术标本淋巴结检出量至少应达到15枚[137,138,140,141]。新辅助治疗后的患者,检出淋巴结数目常下降,可低于15枚[142]。远端胰腺切除标本应检出最小淋巴结数量尚未形成共识,是否进行扩大淋巴结清扫目前仍有争议。
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