推荐意见3 推荐MALDI-TOF MS 鉴定不同类型的病原微生物时,采用适宜前处理方法进行操作,其中甲酸乙腈提取法应用范围较广。
MALDI-TOF MS 鉴定前处理的主要目的是灭活病原微生物、破坏其细胞壁及提取胞内蛋白质。不同类型微生物细胞壁的结构和成分不同,破壁难易程度有别,从而直接影响蛋白质释放。因此需要选择适当的前处理流程,主要包括:直接涂抹法、原位甲酸提取法、甲酸乙腈提取法、双甲酸法等多种方法[6],图1 中总结了不同类型微生物的 MALDI-TOF MS 样品制备流程。
2.应用于抗菌药物敏感性试验(antimicrobial susceptibility tests,AST):研究表明可以通过比较是否与抗菌药物共孵育的病原菌谱图进行快速AST,理论上这类方法适用于各种类型抗菌药物与相关病原菌。MALDI Biotyper抗菌药物敏感试验快速测定法是一种半定量的快速AST试验,通过摸索合适的抗菌药物孵育浓度和时间,并用软件计算待测菌株添加或未添加抗菌药物孵育后的谱图曲线下面积(area under the curve,AUC),用以评估微生物的生长情况。如果微生物菌株敏感,由于生长受抑制,与抗菌药物孵育的谱图AUC 会低于未添加抗菌药物的对照;而对于耐药菌株,受抗菌药物影响很小,无论是否与抗菌药物共孵育,谱图的AUC相当。
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